The European Union approves the inclusion of UV-sterilized insect residue in food items.
In the EU, the consumption of insects, including mealworms, has been deemed acceptable for some time. Recently, UV-treated mealworm powder has been added to this list. This powder, derived from mealworm larvae, undergoes UV treatment to boost its vitamin D content. As per the new regulation, this powder can initially only be distributed by a French company.
Manufacturers in the EU must acquire a permit for using insects in food products. The packaging of these products must clearly state the use of insects. The EU Commission emphasized that citizens have the freedom to choose their food, and nobody is compelled to consume insects or larvae.
The acceptance of insects as food varies among EU citizens. A survey showed that older respondents were particularly apprehensive about this notion. Insects, however, are widely considered a nutritious and protein-rich food source in many countries. They can also contribute to sustainable nutrition due to their resource-efficient breeding methods.
Conversely, there may be risks for individuals with allergies. Insect protein can trigger reactions similar to those caused by shellfish or mite allergies.
Insect consumption in the EU is governed by the European Union's Novel Food Regulation (EU 2015/2283). This regulation defines a novel food as any food not significantly consumed before May 15, 1997. Any novel food goes through a stringent scientific evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to eliminate potential health risks.
The process of approval involves a thorough examination by EFSA, which includes assessing food security and ensuring new ingredient compliance. UV-treated mealworm powder was specifically approved under Regulation (EU) 2025/89, allowing its inclusion in various food products like bread, cheese, pasta, and jams.
Products containing UV-treated mealworm powder must clearly label the ingredient, alerting consumers to potential allergic reactions, particularly those with shellfish or mite allergies. Insect farming has a smaller environmental footprint than traditional livestock farming, supporting global efforts towards sustainability.
Opposition within the European Parliament led to some members disapproving of the authorization due to concerns about food traditions and introducing insects into the diet. Additionally, the French company Nutri'Earth currently holds exclusive rights to market the UV-treated mealworm powder, potentially limiting market competition.
The EU Commission encourages transparency in food labeling, requiring manufacturers to clearly indicate the use of insects in their products. Despite some reservations, the economy of innovative food industries is expected to grow with the approval of novel food sources like UV-treated mealworm powder.
